Quran

This is an encouragement to them to seek Allah's vast mercy and follow His Messenger (ﷺ). Ibn Kathir: 2/177.
Question: Allah's vast mercy is mentioned right after their rejection of His Messenger (ﷺ). Why?

The polytheists inferred from Allah's Will the negation of command and prohibition, what is reprehensible and what is praiseworthy and obedience and disobedience. Hence, whoever went along this way would definitely be a disbeliever. Ibn Taimyah: 3/112.
Question: In light of this verse, clarify the risk of inferring from Allah's Will the negation of command and prohibition?

In this verse, Allah mentions the major forbidden acts that are affirmed unanimously by every Sharia before Islam, and they were never abrogated by any religion. Ibn Abbas () said: "These words are the same as what was revealed to Moses ()." Ibn Juzay: 1/291.
Question: These commandments have a certain distinction. What is it?

This verse is a command from Allah to His Messenger (ﷺ) to call on all the people to listen to the reciting of what Allah prohibits. Therefore; it is the duty of scholars to convey this to the people and explain to them what is lawful and what is not. Al-Qurtubi: 9/106.
Question: In this verse, what does Allah call on us to do?

In Surat Al-Isra', Allah says, (And do not kill your children for fear of poverty) [17:31]. Meaning: Do not kill your children for fear that you might become poor in the future. This is why Allah says, (We shall provide for them and for you) [17:31]. Thus mentioning the provision of the children first, which means do not fear poverty because of feeding your children. Certainly, their provision is provided by Allah. That is why Allah says, (We provide for you and for them) by starting with parents because they are already poor, and it is the appropriate subject here. Ibn Kathir: 2/180.
Question: The mention of provision of parents in this Surah precedes that of their children, yet in Surat Al-Isra' it is the opposite. Why?

This refers to actions that are visible and those that have to do with thoughts and intentions. The prohibition on approaching shameful deeds is more effective than a prohibition on merely doing them, because it includes a prohibition on their precursors and the means that lead to them. Al-Saadi: 280.
Question: Not only shameful sins are forbidden, but also approaching them. Why?

This part of the verse emphasizes this prohibition in specific, although it is included in the immoral sins committed openly and in secret. In Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, it is recorded that Ibn Masoud () said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The blood of a Muslim who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that I am Allah's Messenger may not lawfully be shed but for one of three reasons: A life for a life, a married man who commits fornication, and one who renounces his religion and abandons the community." Ibn Kathir: 2/180.
Question: Killing a soul is included in the immoral sins. Why is it repeated?