Quran

They are evil in their beliefs and actions, for what impurity could be worse than that of one who worships besides Allah other gods who can neither bring benefit nor cause harm, and cannot avail him anything? Their deeds vary between opposing Allah, averting people from the path of Allah, supporting falsehood, rejecting the truth, and spreading corruption in the land while making no effort to set things straight. Al-Saadi: 333.
Question: What is meant by the "impurity" of the polytheists?

(And If you fear poverty), which is destitution. The polytheists were used to bring foods to Makkah, so people feared shortage of sustenance if polytheists were prevented from coming to it. Allah promised them that He would enrich them out of His bounty, and so all Arab tribes accepted Islam, and food in Makkah became abundant, then Allah made them conquered the rest of towns. Ibn Juzay: 1/355.
Question: What is your advice to one who justifies consuming unlawful money with fear of poverty?

This is conditional upon His will, because being enriched in this world is not necessarily one of the outcomes of faith, and it does not indicate that Allah loves a person. Hence, Allah linked this matter to His will, for He may give worldly gain to one whom He loves and one whom He does not, but He does not grant faith and religious commitment except to one whom He loves. Al-Saadi: 333.
Question: Allah makes enriching conditional upon His will, why?

(They hand in), with humility and defeat. Ibn Abbas (t) said: "They give Jizyah (protection tax) with their own hands, and not send it through others." It is, also, said that they give it while acknowledging the favor of Muslims in accepting Jizyah from them. Al-Baghawi: 2/268.
Question: Describe the honor of Muslims and humility of disbelievers in giving the Jizyah.

They do not follow the true religion, and even if they do claim to follow a religion, then it is not the correct religion because either it is a false religion that Allah did not prescribe in the first place, or it is an abrogated religion that Allah did prescribe, but He superseded it with the religion of Muhammad (ﷺ), therefore adhering to it after it has been abrogated is not permissible. Al-Saadi: 334.
Question: The religion that is followed by people of Scripture is false in two ways. What are they?.

Adi bin Hatim (t) reported: "I came to the Prophet (ﷺ) while I had a cross of gold around my neck. He said: 'O Adi, remove this idol from yourself', and I did, then I came to him and heard him reciting (They have taken their rabbis and monks as lords besides Allah). I said: 'we do not worship them!'. He said: 'Is it not when they prohibit what Allah has made lawful for you, you consider it unlawful, and when they permit what Allah has made unlawful for you, you consider it lawful?' I said: 'yes.' He said: 'That is worshiping them'." Abdulla bin Al-Mubarak said: "Had anyone changed the religion but the kings, the corrupted rabbis and monks?" Al-Baghawi: 2/273.
Question: How did rabbis and monks become as lords for their people besides Allah?

They accepted the sayings of their rabbis and monks, which are contrary to the fundamentals of their religion, and believed that the rabbis and monks forbid what is made lawful by Allah, and permitted what is made unlawful by Him. This was practiced uniformly by the followers of the two religions (Judaism and Christianity). This, in turn, led to the belief that some of these rabbis and monks had reached the rank of Lordship. Hence, this evil was stuck to both nations, despite the few among them who did not share the same belief, as Adi bin Hatim claimed, but a nation is held responsible for not forbidding the evil done by individuals. Ibn Ashur: 10/170.
Question: When does shirk become associated with forbidding and permitting?