Quran

Ali bin Abi Talib () said: Al-Basmalah, (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful), is a protection and this Surah (Bara’ah) was revealed with the sword, and that is why it does not begin with the protection. Ibn Juzay: 1/350.
Question: The absence of Al-Basmalah at the beginning of this Surah indicates the forceful dealing of the Quran with the stubborn disbelievers. Explain.

Allah says, ([This is] a declaration of disassociation by Allah and His Messenger to those polytheists with whom you have made a treaty), these treaties were discretionary, not binding ones. Hence Muslims had the choice between affirming or negating them. Ibn Taimyah: 3/300.
Question: Were the treaties with the polytheists discretionary or binding ones?

This is a command to the Muslims to inform the polytheists of this disassociation, lest the Muslims be considered deceitful. Ibn Ashur: 10/108
Question: Why were the Muslims commanded to inform the polytheists of this disassociation?

This verse is used as a proof that when one says, "I repent," then his statement is not considered sufficient until he combines it with deeds to achieve repentance, as Allah requires here establishing prayer and giving zakah in order to reach true repentance. Al-Qurtubi: 10/114.
Question: What do you say to one who repents with words only?

Here, Allah mentions the most important aspects of Islam, including what is less important. Surely, the highest pillar of Islam after the profession of faith (the Shahada) is prayer, which is the right of Allah, the Exalted and Ever High, then zakah, which benefits the poor and needy, and is considered the most honorable act associated with people. This is why Allah often mentions the prayer and zakah together. Ibn Kathir: 2/321.
Question: Among all acts of worship, prayer and zakah are singled out for mention. Why?

Meaning: If he asks for your protection, which is your safeguarding and care, then, grant him that so he can listen to the Quran, and understand its rulings, commands and prohibitions. If he accepts that, then it is for the better; otherwise deliver him to his place of safety. Al-Qurtubi: 10/114.
Question: Explain the reason for giving safety to a disbeliever.

(So that he may hear the words of Allah), the Quran. Recite the Quran to him, and mention a good part of the religion with which you establish Allah's proof against him. This, and similar endeavors, caused many of them to find guidance. Ibn Kathir: 2/322.
Question: What is wisdom behind having the polytheists listen to the Quran?