Quran

Assigning  these spoils to the Messenger (ﷺ) because he divides these bounties as commanded by Allah, and no one has sole ownership of it. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "By Allah, I do not give nor withhold, for I am only a distributor who gives as directed." This shows that he was not the owner of these bounties, rather he managed them as directed by Allah. Ibn Taimyah: 3/278.
Question: Why were the bounties of war assigned to the Messenger (ﷺ)?

Meaning:  It is the day of Badr, on which Allah separated truth from falsehood. Al-Qurtubi: 10/35.
Question: Allah calls the day of Badr: (the day of Criterion), why?

The mention of the locations of the two armies was to remind the Muslims of the critical situation in which they were at before the battle, and to draw their attention to Allah's great kindness toward them when they, unexpectedly, faced the disbelievers' army which had strength in men and arms with a good location. That was the aim of describing the locations, and if it was not for that, no details would have been provided since describing locations is not the style of the Quran, unless there is a lesson to be learned. Ibn Ashur: 10/15-16.
Question: What is the aim of describing the locations of the armies of Muslims and disbelievers in the battle of Badr?

(If you had made an appointment [to meet], you would have missed the appointment), meaning: If you had made an appointment with Quraish, then you came to know their great number versus your small number, you would have disputed among yourselves and would not meet them. Or, if you made an appointment, your meeting would not have occurred as it did with Allah's ease and kindness. (That those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence) that is, whoever dies in battle, he would do so after seeing a clear evidence of the truth; also, whoever survives, would see the same evidence. Ibn Juzay: 1/354.
Question: When Allah decrees something, He would set up causes that lead to it. Explain, in the light of this verse.

Allah had shown the polytheists to His Messenger (ﷺ) in a dream as few in number, so he told his Companions of these glad tidings, which reassured them and put them at ease. If He had shown them to you as many, and you had told your Companions about that , then (you [believers] would have lost courage and disputed in the matter). Some of you would have thought that you should go ahead and fight them, and others would have thought otherwise, so there would have been a dispute which would have led to losing heart. Al-Saadi: 322.
Question: How did the dream of the Prophet (ﷺ) become reassuring for his Companions?

Patience, steadfastness and remembering Allah much are among the greatest means of attaining victory. Al-Saadi: 322.
Question: This verse contains the biggest causes of victory. What are they?

Qatadah commented on this verse, saying: Allah commands the believers to remember Him during the busiest of all times; when clashing with the enemy by swords. Ibn Kathir: 2/302.
Question: How do we infer the importance of remembrance of Allah from this verse?