Quran

This is a likeness of hearts when revelation, which is the substance of life, just as rain is the substance of life, comes to them. When revelation comes to good hearts, they accept and learn it, and the result is in accordance with their good origin and good nature. As for evil hearts in which there is no good, when revelation comes to them it finds no acceptance; rather it finds these hearts negligent and heedless, or opposed to it. Hence, it is like rain that falls on a salty marsh, sand or rocks, and has no impact on them. Al-Saadi: 292.
Question: What are the types of hearts when receiving the revelation?

(The chiefs of his people said) means the general public, leaders, commanders and dignitaries of his people said, (We certainly see that you are clearly misguided) since you call on us to abandon the worship of these idols that we found our forefathers worshipping. This, indeed, is the attitude of evil people, for they consider the righteous people to be following misguidance as Allah says in other verses, (And when they saw them, they said: "Indeed, these have gone astray") [83:32], (And those who disbelieve say of those who believe: "Had it been a good thing, they [the weak and poor] would not have preceded us thereto") [46:11]. Ibn Kathir: 2/214.
Question: In light of this verse, describe some of the trials faced by righteous people?

In Noah's () response to them, (I am not misguided), there is an extreme politeness, a turn away from their rudeness, a soft approach, and a breadth of mind, as the Prophetic moral character would merit. Ibn Atiyah: 2/415.
Question: There is a lesson in Noah's () response for those who call others to Allah. What is it?

This is the quality of a Messenger; he conveys the Message using plain yet eloquent words, offers sincere advice and is knowledgeable about Allah. Ibn Kathir: 2/214.
Question: For one who calls others to Allah, what qualities should he have?

Meaning: My role is to convey the message to you, to explain the Oneness of Allah, and His commands and prohibitions, by way of sincerity and compassion toward you. (And I know from Allah what you do not know), therefore what you ought to do is obey me and accept my advice, if you know. Al-Saadi: 293.
Question: If the Messenger knows from Allah what his people do not, then what must they do?

The deliverance of the believers is mentioned first to show Allah's care for them, and to please the listening believers with His recurring way that whenever He destroys the disbelievers, He always saves the believers. Ibn Ashur: 8/197.
Question: In this verse, the deliverance of the believers is mentioned first. Why?

This is Allah's way with His servants, in this life and the Hereafter, that the good end, victory and triumph is for those who fear Him, in the same way that He destroyed the people of Noah (), and saved him and his believing followers. Ibn Kathir: 2/214.
Question: There is a lesson in the narrative of Noah () for persecuted Muslims. What is it?