Quran

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An-Nisa Verses 0 - 135

إِن يَكُنۡ غَنِيًّا أَوۡ فَقِيرٗا فَٱللَّهُ أَوۡلَىٰ بِهِمَاۖ

The wealth or poverty of either party in the dispute should not be a reason to judge or testify for or against him. The purpose of this is to warn against being influenced by doubtful situations in which falsehood is confused with truth because of the circumstances surrounding them, which are perceived to be a form of establishing interests and protecting justice. Ibn Ashur: 5/226.
Question: Does the wealth or poverty of either party in the dispute influence the judge's ruling or the witness' testimony?

An-Nisa Verses 0 - 135

فَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ أَن تَعۡدِلُواْۚ وَإِن تَلۡوُۥٓاْ أَوۡ تُعۡرِضُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٗا ١٣٥

Following desires is destructive. Allah says, (So judge between people with justice, and do not follow your desires lest they lead you astray from Allah's way) [38:26]. Following one's desires leads one to testify against the truth, to be unjust in judgment, and other things. Ash-Shaabi (a prominent scholar) said: "Allah obligated the rulers/judges with three things: They must not follow desires, must not fear people, and must not trade the verses of Allah [truth] for a small price." Al-Qurtubi: 7/178.
Question: Should the richness or poverty of either party in the dispute influences the witness testimony or the judgement?

An-Nisa Verses 0 - 135

فَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ أَن تَعۡدِلُواْۚ

Desires will either make a person blind so that he sees the truth as false and sees falsehood as truth, or he may recognize the truth but fail to follow it because of his desires. Al-Saadi: 209.
Question: Describe the risk associated with following one's desires?

An-Nisa Verses 0 - 139

ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ أَوۡلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَۚ أَيَبۡتَغُونَ عِندَهُمُ ٱلۡعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ ٱلۡعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعٗا ١٣٩

Allah mentions the worst trait of hypocrites, which is taking the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. He has warned of the corruption of that so that any of the believers who might fall into that type of thing, out of negligence, ignorance, or leniency, may abandon it. Ibn-Atiyah: 2/125.
Question: The traits of hypocrites are all harmful to Muslims; which one is the worst?

An-Nisa Verses 0 - 139

ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ أَوۡلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَۚ أَيَبۡتَغُونَ عِندَهُمُ ٱلۡعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ ٱلۡعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعٗا ١٣٩

All power belongs to Allah, to His Messenger and to the believers, but the hypocrites do not know. This is meant to encourage the servants to seek power from Allah, turn to His servitude, and join the ranks of His faithful servants. Ibn Kathir: 1/536.
Question: What is meant by Allah telling His servants that all power belongs to Him?

An-Nisa Verses 0 - 140

وَقَدۡ نَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَنۡ إِذَا سَمِعۡتُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ يُكۡفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسۡتَهۡزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقۡعُدُواْ مَعَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُواْ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦٓ

This verse from Surat Al-An'am (When you see those who ridicule Our verses, turn away from them until they engage in another discourse) was revealed in Makkah, so it was limited to merely turning away and boycotting the gathering, because the believers were unable to repudiate it except with their hearts. However, this verse was revealed in Madinah, so repudiation now is possible for every Muslim with words and actions, since sitting with them without repudiating is considered a consent. Al-Biqai: 2/337.
Question: In Surat Al-An'am, Allah commands the believers to turn away, but in this Surah, He commands not to sit with them. Why?

An-Nisa Verses 0 - 140

وَقَدۡ نَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَنۡ إِذَا سَمِعۡتُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ يُكۡفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسۡتَهۡزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقۡعُدُواْ مَعَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُواْ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦٓ إِنَّكُمۡ إِذٗا مِّثۡلُهُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ جَامِعُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا ١٤٠

(In Hell): Which is the King's prison. (Together): Just as the assembly of disbelief, which is a challenge to the King's reign, brought them together in this worldly life. For sitting together, they became equal in disbelief, which proves that sitting with a sinner without repudiating his sin makes one a sinner too. Al-Biqai: 2/337.
Question: Allah will gather all the hypocrites and disbelievers in Hellfire together. Why?